Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism Essay

Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism are the three main philosophies of the Chinese people. They have been the most influential and widely taught philosophies of the Chinese for many centuries. This essay will reveal the history of each philosophy’s origin, and will reveal the main characteristics of each respected area. Confucianism began as the thoughts and ideas of a man named Confucius who lived at around 500 B.C. It is interesting to note this was around the same time Buddha was supposedly alive. Confucian was not a prophet, and had little to say about gods, death, or the afterlife. He developed instead three concepts of living that formed the basis of his philosophy. First, every person should accept an assigned role in society and perform the duties of that role. Second, the government should be virtuous. Finally, only well-educated and extremely virtuous officials should be appointed to run the government. According to legend, Confucius worked as a minister in his native province of Shandong. It is said that in a less than a year, almost all crime was gone. However, after this it is said nearby emperors became jealous and forced him to retire. For the rest of his years he educated people on the ways of his teaching and stirred thought into the minds of many. Daoism was thought to be founded by a man named Laozi that lived around 500 B.C. Daoism can be defined by its root word Dao meaning â€Å"Way of Nature†. Laozi viewed Dao as the indescribable force that governed the universe and nature. Laozi believed that people should not strive for riches or power, but rather should try to bring themselves into harmony with Dao by being peacefully quieted, thoughtful, and humble. Unlike Confucius, Laozi shunned politics and advised people not to get involved in public affairs. Daoism mainly influenced artists and peasants because artists were encouraged by Dao and began expressing themselves in a better manner. Peasants began to believe in the philosophy because it dealt with nature and its natural forces. Confucianism and Daoism simply filled in what the other lacked in certain areas. Legalism, another form of philosophy, also concerned itself with politics. The teachings, however, differed greatly then that of Confucianism. Legalists believed in power, not virtue, and in harsh forms pf punishment. Legalists viewed people as selfish and untrustworthy. It was believed that threatening people was the only way to achieve peace and prosperity in society. The emperor Shi Huangdi of the Qin Dynasty followed the Legalist method. The Qin Dynasty became powerful but was short-lived mainly because of its cruel punishment and laws. It was believed that the yin and yang was not balanced enough during this time. Overall, I think all three of these philosophies are well developed and each has their good and bad. For this reason, many people understandably combined more than one of the three philosophies in an attempt to even out their lifestyle. All three are worthy philosophies and each deserves a certain amount of respect. I believe that because of the great principles each is built on, and the flexibility within each sector, the three philosophies will live in for a very long time and will be passed on from generation to generation forever.

Driving is Your Responsibility: Modules on Driving

Also, that a 16 year old risk of getting in car accident is higher then any other age group. If you do not have your permit, please provide the last four digits of your social security number so that your teacher can issue your drug and alcohol certificate. My last four digits are: Module 2: The Driver: Describe three aha moments that you had as you worked through Module Two. 1 . That we have two different type of vision central and peripheral. 2. â€Å"Aim high and look ahead, don't look down† This is important because we can spot curves from far 3.When I found out you must have a optimistic attitude to drive but not too pessimistic cause if you're to optimistic you can be a bad driver. How will this information affect you as a driver now and in the future? (2-3 sentences) This information will affect me as a driver because if I follow these rules I can be a good driver. If I don't follow these rules I can cause serious accident that may result in my death or someone else dea th. Module 3: Natural Forces Affecting the Driver 2. Inertia- When a object is at rest it will remain at rest.While an object in motion will remain in motion in the same direction unless a force touch it. 3. Potential Energy- Its energy an object already has in it self. 4. Kinetic Energy- The energy made while an object is in motion. 5. Friction-Its the restraint between the movement of two surface in contact. 6. Traction- Traction is always affected by friction someway somehow. 7. Centrifugal Force- The opposite of centripetal force. It doesn't seek to be in the middle. It also increase a person acceleration. 8. Centripetal Force-Its a force that seeks to be in the middle. 10. Force of impact- Is the force made when objects meet.Module 4: Signs, Signals & Pavement Markings 1. Explain the purpose of the following A. The difference between solid and broken lines is: In a solid line you can not pass over it while on a broken line you may pass over it. B. Yellow lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flow: The yellow line indicates where the center of a two way traffic is at. You may cross over a broken yellow line but you can't cross a solid yellow line. C. White lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flow:White lines tells you which way traffic is traveling in your direction. 2.Observe and describe the different signs in YOUR city. Give specific examples of each (include color, shape, what the sign is for, etc. ). A. A regulatory sign: A speed limit of 35. Its a white rectangular shape sign. B. A motorist services sign: A hospital sign. It's a blue square sign with a capital H in the middle. C. A recreational sign: A recreational sign is brown and rectangular. A sign indicating to the Florida everglades. D. A sign that you know what it means because of its shape: A triangle sign is telling you to yield. 3. Explain 3 interesting or important facts from Module 3 and 4.A. An interesting wing I learn is that driving and physics are int erconnected. 8. 1 realize that the shapes and colors off sign tells you a lot about its meaning. C. An important fact I learn is that you can always drive over a broken but never a solid line unless there is hazard in the way. Module 5: Laws and Rules of the Road Create a car saying (Bumper Sticker) or a Road Sign (Billboard) that would describe one main point you learned in Module 5. This is an example off bumper sticker from a former student: the right speed is always a good deed. Enjoy your ride and don't collide! 1 . What would yours say? Don't be afraid to cease. Drive with ease. 2. How would it look? It would be on a neon green rectangular sticker with the saying in big bold black letters. 3. Now, write at least one paragraph (5 sentences or more) which explains why you thought this would make a great bumper sticker or billboard, and how it summarizes the information you learned in Module Five. I thought this would make a great bumper sticker because it's a very catchy phrase. When somebody read it. It will stay in their mind because its simple and catchy.This phrase summarizes this doodle because when driving you must remember all the laws and regulations the state of Florida may have. A driver can't be afraid to slow down or stop while driving when it is necessary. Plus a good driver must drive with ease meaning he has to drive with confidence. Module 6: Effects of Alcohol and Drugs Some day you might find yourself in a dangerous driving situation because of drugs, alcohol, or extreme drowsiness due to medication. Talk to a parent or guardian about what they would like for you to do if you find yourself in this situation.Answer the following questions in one or more complete sentences. . Explain three ways you can get home safely, without getting behind the wheel, if there are drugs or alcohol in your system. A. Let a friend who is sober give you a ride home. B. Call a taxi to take you to your destination. C. Call your mom and/or dad to pick you up eve n if you may face consequences its better then driving home intoxicated. 2. Explain three ways you can get home safely if the friend you rode with has drugs or alcohol in his system and you prevent him from getting behind the wheel. A. Take away their car keys and drive them home. B.Call his/her parents to pick him/her up. C. Use public transportation. 3. What would your parent/guardian want you to do? My parents would rather me to contact them to pick me up from my destination. They rather pick me up intoxicated then get a phone call from the police saying I kill somebody or myself because I was drinking and driving. 4. Look up and list the number of a local taxi or car service in your community. Include the company name and telephone number. Module 7: Collision Costs and Preventions There are many costs associated with owning and driving a car. The purchase of a car is only the beginning.There are maintenance costs, fees, tolls, taxes, fuel and insurance. For the next few question s, you will explore these costs by talking to a parent or guardian about your driving responsibilities. 1. Will I have a vehicle of my own to drive, or will I share? My vehicle would be shared with my parents. 2. Who will pay for the insurance and gas? My parents would pay for my car insurance and gas until I get a Job. 3. Contact your family car insurance company to obtain a cost estimate. How much will you be expected to pay monthly or annually? My parents would be expected to pay 175. 3 a month. . If you drive 50 miles each week and your car gets 25 miles to the gallon with gas costing $4. 00 per gallon, how much gas will you have to buy? I would pay $8. 00 a week. 5. If you get paid $8. 00 per hour at your Job and insurance is $200 a month, how many hours will you have to work to pay for insurance? I would have to work 25 hours. 6. Will your parents set restrictions on your driving such as the hours of the day you can drive or how many passengers you can have in the car? If so, please include restrictions. My restrictions would be that I'm allowed to drive am to pm.Plus I'm to allowed to have friends in my car. 7. Will your parents allow you to drive to school, work, on major highways, how far from home can you drive? Please include where you will be allowed to drive. I would be able to drive to school and work when I do get Job. 8. Never text and drive! Discuss with your parents the use of your cell phone when driving. Explain to them the one situation when it would be appropriate to talk on your cell phone. Then write the situation you spoke with them about. It would be appropriate to talk to my parents when I am park. Never answer my phone when I'm riving.Module 8: Substance Abuse Choose one option to complete your 5-8 sentence paragraph in this section. Imagine a close friend is planning to go out and celebrate this weekend. You know your friend intends to drink and may experiment with drugs. You are not only concerned for her well-being but also worri ed that she might get behind the wheel and drive. Using the information you learned in module 8, write a paragraph persuading your friend to make safe choices. List at least 3 dangers she may face and 2 alternatives for her to safely and legally enjoy the celebration. Dear Friend,

Stock Market

Stock market is the place were all stocks and other securities buy and sell. Pakistan have three main stocks markets (KSE, LSE, ISE).Among these stock exchanges Karachi stock exchange founded on 18 September 1947.it was the largest stock exchange in Pakistan and oldest in the south Asia. its growing day by day. Many ups and downs are occurring in KSE due to political instability, securities threats and macro-economic issues but due to negative issues. its show a positive progress. Two types of KSE,100 and KSE 30 index. KSE 100 index rapidly growing in Pakistan indexes. 2013 is the best year in history of stock market in Pakistan on December 31 (25,261) points are occur which are great achievement. Top five companies in KSE 100 index are be capitalize and weight age.No Company Names Weightage % Market capitalism (PKR) in Million1 OGDCL 14.14 550,948,930,0002 MCB 7.17 279,583,150,0003 BOP 5.43 211,726,900,0004 Pakistan petroleum 5.06 197,201,080,0005 Standard chartered Bank 4.41 171,704,800,000 Literature Review: According to researcher's stock market in country play a vital role in economy growth. Many factors that have an impact on stock market. These factors may decrease the performance or may increase the performance. Government of every country should encourage these factors may increase the performance and should discourage these factors that have diverse impact on stock market. A study many articles and every paper about these factors but found that interest rate has a negative impact on stock market. Interest rate also decrease the efficiency of stock market.Davidson (1996) focus the relationship Between both variables and use regression analysis to define the relationship. He found that important impact of interest rate on stock market. his results are focus on long term interest rate that are play fundamental role in price dividend ratios. Knut (1996) he found that those countries with less interest rate has strong market as compere to who have high interest rate. He also says that develop countries having low rate that's way its market is extra ordinary.Kellen (2000) worked develop markets (south Africa, Zimbabwe) he says that in this market high interest rate think to huge loss market and its prices. After study the markets he found that relationship is negative in both variables. Hosing (2004) find out variables have different impact on each other. variables were interest rate, exchange rate and stock market. but at the end he found that negative relationship between interest rate and stock market.Zoran (2005) worked with macro factors i.e. World War II and he also found opposite relation between both variables. He also focused on cycle's research. For example: ten to fifteen years etc.Salahuddin (2009) study two factors that can impact on country growth and reduction. These factors are interest rate and stock exchange. Salahuddin investigate about these variables and he found that both variables have negative impact on each other.Zahid (2010) also study macro variables and stock market index and found that interest rate and inflation has negative impact on stock market.

The Boer War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Boer War - Research Paper Example Compared to the British troops, the Boers were not as disciplined and organized; they had no set uniform, and as soon as a confrontation broke out, they immediately gathered up to form a unit and elected a commander. The Boer troops had no proper uniforms or weapons and vastly depended on hunting guns in order to launch an offensive against the well-equipped British troops. Their weapons included field guns and pistols, and they were also armed with shotguns; most of the Boer troops often traveled with at least 8 days of supplies. Unlike the British troops, their marksmanship was not the result of intense training regimes, but was learned through experience. The Boers were not soldiers but mere hunters or farmers that earned them the name ‘Boer’. The people had no real access to ammunitions either, and when they ran out of proper weapons, they usually relied on stealing or capturing the weapons of the British.The British had realized that the only way they could subdue t heir opponent was by attacking their formation and not their position; which meant that they were trying to cut off their access to their supplies. Any sort of siege had seemed pointless for their excellent marksmanship that made any sort of progression towards their base completely pointless. They even had their ranges marked out with white stones and fired according to them and soon the British troops were ordered to avoid going near white stones on the ground.  Ã‚   Since the South Africans were devout Christians, many of the people did not believe.

Supply Chain Management of Wal-Mart Way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Supply Chain Management of Wal-Mart Way - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that in the highly competitive environment of global business, companies develop unique competencies to maintain strategic positioning within the industry. The various external paradigms and constantly changing environmental factors necessitate organizations to evolve new strategies and mechanisms to meet their challenges. Porter believes that doing business differently significantly helps companies to maintain leverage. Flexible approach to business strategies and plan hugely support organizational vision, mission and goals. Thus, strategies become critical element that promote creativity and provide them with competitive advantage. The paper would be analyzing and evaluating supply chain management of Wal-Mart US an effective tool of competitive advantage.This paper declares that  Wal-Mart was established by Sam Walton as a small grocery store in 1962 in Arkanas, US. It was soon expanded as chain of stores finally setting up as a supermarket chain . Its wide ranging product is designed to meet the various needs of household. It is focused on the changing needs of the customers and therefore strives for flexible approach in its strategies and plans. It started expansion across the globe from 1991 and today boasts of around 1.8 million associates or workers in nearly 7000 stores across the world. The company extensively relies on technology to enhance its operational efficiency that significantly helps its goals of ‘every day low price’ on its various products.... The company extensively relies on technology to enhance its operational efficiency that significantly helps its goals of ‘every day low price’ on its various products. As the largest retailer in the world, Wal-Mart has been creatively exploiting logistics and supply chain for its niche market position. The effective supply chain and logistics help coordinate the organization’s various linkages with the external agencies and promotes efficient receipt and delivery of goods and services. It has judiciously used advancing technology to improve its operation efficiency in supply and distribution of goods. Data collection method The relevant data has been collected through secondary sources found through literature review, company website and internet. Review on supply chain management Situation analysis Effective supply chain management hugely facilitates smooth flow of information, goods and services and financial transactions at different levels of operations. In th e current times, it is a critical element of competitive advantage because its main components like procurement, distribution, logistics and inventory are essential aspect of timely delivery of desired goods to the target segment. At the same time, they also help the companies to reduce cost of slow moving goods and meet the demands of products that are in high demand. The use of technology helps to evaluate and forecast demand and fill supply to meet the contingencies. The company has centralized its distribution system by creating ‘hubs’ or warehouses from where it dispatches all the goods to their respective customers/ retailers. The hubs are vital part of its effective supply chain as it also helps Wal-Mart to buy goods directly from the manufacturers. It therefore serves

Basic Concepts of Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Basic Concepts of Criminal Law - Essay Example The Penal Code puts a duty to a persons holding or having in his care such a weapon not to endanger the live so the members of the public. It states that " it is the duty of every person who has within his charge or under his control anything, whether living or inanimate and weather moving or stationary, of such a nature that, in the absence of care or precaution in its use or management , the life, safety or health of any person maybe endangered , to use reasonable care and take reasonable precautions to avoid the danger; and he shall be deemed to have caused any consequences which adversely affect the life or health of any persons by reason of any omission to perform that duty. Further, and read together with the same provisions aforementioned, the same act provides that, "Any person, who with intent to maim, disfigure or disable any person, or to do some grievous harm to any person unlawfully wounds or does any grievous harm to any person by any means whatever is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for life, with or without corporal punishment. The same sentiments are captured by the provisions of sections 234 of the same Act. In this regard, it would be prudent for the client to obtain all the relevant legal requirements if only to escape the imposed sanctions for breach of the same. Factoring the foregoing, it is evident that, in as much as self defence may be a good defence in criminal proceedings, reasonable care ought to be observed in the use of such a weapon and one must not be negligent or reckless in its use. In this regard when it comes to causing another's physical injury, there are at least three ways that our behaviour could lead not only to financial liability, but also criminal liability for example: A person is guilty of assault when: 1. With intent to cause physical injury to another person, he causes such injury to such person or to a third person; or 2. He recklessly causes physical injury to another person; or 3. With criminal negligence, he causes physical injury to another person by means of a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument. A person acts with criminal negligence with respect to a result or to a circumstance described by a statute defining an offence when he fails to perceive a substantial and unjustifiable risk that such result will occur or that such circumstance exists. The risk must be of such nature and degree that the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that a reasonable person would observe in the situation. Negligence is the failure to act reasonably. But we all fail to act reasonably at times. And in unfortunate cases, it could lead to harm. Should we go to prison in such cases If every time we acted unreasonably we went to prison, we would all spend time behind bars. Even if we

Discussion Question Responses Strategic Management 2 Assignment

Discussion Question Responses Strategic Management 2 - Assignment Example â€Å"Agents for change as described as undeserving victims of the irrational and dysfunctional responses of change recipients† (Ford, Ford & D’Amelio, 2008, p.362). The organizational leadership needs to be certain that they are finding the proper fit in all recruitment efforts and since Pearce & Robinson identify the importance of change and adaptability, it cannot be reinforced enough that recruitment is vital to business success. â€Å"A successful organization depends on the creation of shared meanings and mutual interpretations of reality† (Darling & Beebe, 2007, p.77). Mission and vision create a sense of purpose for the organization, thus giving a focus for cultural development and to assist management in creating harmonious and unified work teams. Organizational performance expectations should hold individuals accountable for their failure or assistance in meeting vision and mission goals since they act as the foundation for forward strategy and organizational development. All future issues as they relate to strategic intention are founded on mission and vision goals and therefore the entire organization should adopt a culture of shared values and mutual respect for this goal attainment. There really is no other measure of whether or not individuals within the organization are meeting performance goals without first looking at the mission and vision and then determining whether targets have been met by teams and the individual employee. â€Å"Motivation is based on empowerment, development and communication as it concerns people† (Panayotopoulou & Papalexandris, 2004, p.499). While the vision and mission statements are designed to offer purpose and direction, they sometimes fail to motivate performance. When considering the situation at Enron, employees were motivated by their empowerment to skirt legalities and cover information since they received no reprimand for these actions. The loose management structure of fast money

'Employees cannot be motivated with money' Discuss Essay

'Employees cannot be motivated with money' Discuss - Essay Example from GE since as a company it has been focused on HR and committed to its employees in many ways which go beyond the norms of motivation as compared to other companies. It has an innovative way of rewarding employees who uphold the values considered important by GE and this has given the company the respect and admiration of many business gurus (Demos, 2006). While the rewards for working at GE are many, the reward selection process uses a ranking system that connects with both the process and content theories by punishes those employees who do perform up to the expected level. The overall effect of GE’s motivation techniques has been very positive and is well regarded by industry experts therefore it becomes a good example for matching with the theories of motivation. A theory based on content considers the idea that individuals are motivated by inner desires to fulfil their needs and such fulfilment can come from their work if the work they do is able to combine the rewards for working with their desires. The primary work in this branch of motivation comes form Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs which includes five levels including the basic needs of nourishment, second order needs for safety and security, third order needs for social affiliations, fourth order needs for esteem and fifth order needs for self-actualization of the individual. Clearly while the first, second and third order needs might be fulfilled by having enough money, fourth and fifth order needs might not be obtainable just by getting a salary alone. GE is one company that recognises this and uses a peer recognition system called QuickThanks! to show appreciation of the work done by one member of the company to another. Kerr (1996) gives an inside view of what happens at GE where this program is used for increasing the level of motivation of employees. Broadly speaking, this system allows employees to nominate other employees (even across departments) with a $25 gift certificate for certain

Next Plc of UK Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Next Plc of UK - Case Study Example "A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices." (Strategy - Competitive Advantage: Competitive Advantage - Definition. 2008). This has high relevance in the context of the increased competition the company is facing from newly industrialized nations like India, China, Taiwan and Vietnam. The report is also intended to provide required recommendations for Next to solve the issues faced by it in the present market. Next Plc is a retail cloth major that is headquartered in England. The company belongs to the clothing market of UK, which is the second biggest textile and clothing market in European Union. The major share of clothing market in UK accounts for the apparels for women, girls and children. "Womenswear is the largest sector within the market in general, clothing for women and children is worth double the market for men and boyswear." (Clothing Retailers Market Assessment: Largest Sector. 2000). Considering the higher boom in the industry the clothing retailers are at a higher growth pace in the market. The clothing market of UK can be split into everyday wear, high street fashion and top end ready to wear. The market players include right mix of departmental stores and fashion retailers. The major player in the industry is Marks and Spencer whose market share is 15% of the overall market. The most influencing governmental regulation for the industry has been the minimum wage. Due to t his regulation that added more on the costing structure, many companies had moved out of UK. The company that is been mentioned in the assignment is Next Plc which is one of the leading cloth retailer in UK. The company was formed in the year 1982 as a new meaning for the fashion industry. "Next plc designs, manufactures, and distributes clothing and home furnishing and accessory items to nearly 330 Next retail stores and through the company's Next Directory mail order sales catalog." (Next Plc: Company Perspectives: Company History. 2008). The company was able to capture a good share of market in a short period of time with their good branding and marketing strategies. The products of Next are characterized by style, quality and value for money. Currently Next has 460 stores in UK and over 100 franchisees outside the country. The company gives higher priority for customer service as a strategy to capture more and more market. Based on the analysis of Next on the basis of Porter's Five Force model, three areas of concern can be identified for the company. The three areas of concern for the company are market penetration, consolidation and product and market development. Market penetration is a cause of concern for the company especially in the present situation of increased competition. The threat of new entrants is higher in the case of cloth industry. And also the increased bargaining power of buyers will contribute to the competition. The strategy to be adopted by the company is increased product promotion. The product range of the company can also be improved on the

Problems and Benefits of Privatization of Public Sector Organizations in China Essay Example for Free

Problems and Benefits of Privatization of Public Sector Organizations in China Essay Privatization as an important role of economy , has great contribution for all over the world. So what is privatization? Privatization means transfer of assets of economic activity from public sector to private sector, it has been seen by many governments as a means of revitalizing inefficient industries and as an opportunity to raise revenues to ease budgetary problems; however, privatization in China is very complicated. When reform started in 1978, almost of the productive assets were state-owned in China. But reforms since then have not included privatization. Today, there is more than 70 per cent of Chinese productive wealth which belongs to Chinese government. During the first 20 years of reform, the government concentrated the country’s assets with a great purpose of development which helped to achieve the creation of infrastructure and expansion of industrial capacity. We can image, if the state assets had been privatized, it would become a big trouble for China to mobilize resources during the tremendous industrialization between 1980s and 1990s.That’s why the initial marketization-without-privatization approach has been successful. Also because of that, China has emerged a robust infrastructure and become an industrialized economy. However, this industry-first, government-investment-driven and export-oriented growth model which has been highly resource intensive has run its course. China has expanded export almost of the world, not only the developed countries, also Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. But this growth model is limiting the speed of export. China has to turn towards growth driven by domestic demand, not exports, and one led by service not industry to shift its economy. So what can help to stimulate the transformation? The answer is privatization. Privatization remains a thorny issue in a country where private property became a constitutional right only in 2004 and where the right to own productive assets remains unclear. Many vibrant, purely private companies have sprung up despite this uncertainty, but take care to stay out of the limelight. For example, the most famous Chinese private company is Legend Holdings Ltd, is Chinese investment holding company in IT, investment, and real estate formed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences- the best-known of which is the Lenovo Group in which Legend is the controlling shareholder. In 2006, the volume of its business was 4,033,096 million RMB. Another famous private company is Huawei which makes and sales telecommunication equipment. It is biggest supplier who provides the solution of telecommunication network. Until 2011, the whole company had 146,000 employees, and the annual sales volume was 203.9 billion RMB. Obviously the kinds of private companies become a main power to improve C hinese economy and increase national income. Proverbially, privatization can help to reduce the government financial and administrative burden. The best example is Legend Holdings Ltd. Legend Holdings Ltd was based on the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chinese government only invested 200 thousands to organize the company. However, until now, the company has developed to an international holding company with the influence from all over the world. The Chinese government doesn’t manage the company directly but it controls a part of stock of the company. According to an analysis suggests that privatization of China’s state-owned enterprises is achieved with limited compromise on the social welfare responsibilities, and much of the improvement in the firm performance comes from the reduction in the agency cost at the management level. The state-owned enterprises generally have bloated management structure with excessive amount of managerial expenses. It is because the State Assets Agency has multiple objectives, and so long as the management meets those objectives it is neither motivated nor disciplined for profit maximization. On the contrary, private companies have their own management systems, they don’t have so much social welfare duties as state-owned enterprises. Rapid development of privatization also can help government to increase their financial income. According to the data suggests, in 2004, mainly to the private economy of small and medium-sized enterprises created 58.8 per cents of GDP, 68.3 per cents of exports and 48.2 per cents of revenue in China. Also we can see the data from Legend Holdings Ltd. Until 2003, this private company handed over to the national tax 5.45 billion RMB. As the state-owned enterprises, the government has to invest by themselves to get profit; however, as private company, government can get revenue without investing or management. Increasing efficiency and productivity in certain public sector is the third advantage of privatization in China. Some state-owned enterprises sale to specific purchasers through MBO(Management Buy-Outs). The managers cooperate with foreign companies which can help to import high technology equipment and improve the manufacturing technology. Obviously, this can increase the efficiency and productivity of company. The most famous example in China is Haier. Haier as a global electrical appliances brand, cooperate with 28 companies from difficult countries like America, Japan and Germany. As of 2008, Haier has surpassed rival Whirlpool as the worlds top refrigerator producer in terms of sales, according to Euromonitor, an independent business intelligence provider. Haier said it sold 12 million refrigerators worldwide last year, up 20% over the previous year. Its market share reached 6.3% globally. On the other hand, with the development of privatization in China, there are many problems which disturb the road of privatization. As I talked before, MBO is a kind of form of state-owned enterprises privatization. The government selling the state-owned enterprises to private organization or individual is another form. The biggest problem for this form is the individual will change the enterprise to family business. The Chinese Social Science Center had a research about Chinese private economy. The data showed 61.82 per cent companies admit that they are family business. Only 27.4 per cent of enterprises’ stock was controlled by family under 90 per cent. In China, family business enterprises’ average life is only 2.8 years. Why? Many bosses of private companies provide management job to their family. However, with the development of enterprise, importing the skills of manufacture and the experience of management become more and more important. Family members are not en ough for the development of business. The crisis of stock is another problem for privatization in China. A while back Huawei company was in trouble of old employees demanded the stock of enterprise. According to this event, we can notice there is more stock crisis in privatization of China. The owners of enterprises want to control the whole company; however, when the state-owned enterprises change to private enterprises, the distribution of stock is very confused. The lack of clear strategy of cooperation and the lack of coordination system make the partner scramble for stock, which can make the management layer into disarray. The developing of enterprise is seriously for entrepreneur. However, the growth of enterprise is not only expanding the company or increasing the number of employees, it appears in many aspects. Chinese entrepreneur always want to control their companies, this means they do not want to decrease their stock of the company. This phenomenon result to the lack of investment. For example, we can connect to family business. The lack of investment and management skills make the enterprises’ average life only 2.8 years. How to affect foreign investment and increase the capital is big challenge for Chinese entrepreneur because when the enterprises become private, the government cannot control or manage or invest to the companies directly. China’s privatization has developed more than 20 years, the private company increase the government financial income and develop Chinese economics. However the privatization in China is still not mature. A state-owned enterprise which changes to private enterprise has to face many problems. In general, the trend of Chinese privatization is optimistic. This also can help to develop the world economics.

The Horse Dealers Daughter

The Horse Dealers Daughter D.H. Lawrences, The Horse Dealers Daughter, tells a timeless love story of Mabel and Jack, two people of totally different social standings, falling in love. After the death of Mabels father her and her three brothers are left to be on their own. While Mabels three brothers know where they are going to go and what each of them is going to do, Mabel is still undecided. Mabel is a stubborn, hardheaded girl who does not have much to say, to anyone. And when Jack Fergusson comes through the door of their house, Jack is the last person Mabel ever expected to fall in love with, or even have Jack fall in love with her. Jack Fergusson is a successful doctor, who did not think much of Mabel. Without either of them knowing it they were brought together after Mabel tried killing her self. Love has a strange way of choosing two people for each other, but it always seems to work out. Love is a powerful thing and despite how similar or different two people may be, love will find its way and this i s shown between Mabel and Jack through the use of the symbol of the pond, the plot, and each character themselves. Mabel and Jacks love can be shown through the symbol of the pond. The pond is a symbol that can be interpreted in many different ways; one being it symbolized love (Lu 8). Mabel felt it be at her best interest that she would be better off with her mother, who is dead. She preferred to follow in her mothers footsteps (Hebert). With that, came the thought that she should just kill herself. Without knowing it, the pond was the thing that brought Jack and Mabel together. As she was walking slowly into the pond Jack watched her. As Lawrence stated in the text he followed her minutely as she moved (743). This shows that he had an interest in her and what she was doing. After realizing what Mabel was doing Jack rushed down to the pond to save her (Lawrence 744). Jack showed his true love for her when he entered the water to save her, even though he could not swim. Jack did what any doctor would do and saved her life, after he brought her from the pond he made the water come from her mouth ( Lawrence 744). After Jack saved Mabel he tended to her at Mabels home. As that is one interpretation of the pond, the pond can also show a rebirth. Before Mabel tried to kill her self she was very shy and hardly talk to anyone. Just like their love, he did not know he loved her nor did Mabel know she loved Jack. Jack and Mabel had no real interaction before. After coming out of the water they both realized that they felt something for each other that was never expected. They were brought together by this incident, and there after Jack and Mabel showed their love for each other. While the pond shows Jack and Mabels love through symbolism, the plot also helps prove the theme to they story. The plot also helps prove the theme of the story. With the plot being when Mabel tried to kill herself, this is when both she and Jack first showed their love for each other. Through all the events that happened between Mabel walking into the water and the end of the story where Jack says they must marry (Lawrence 748), they fell deep into love. When Mabel asked Jack, Do you love me, then? (Lawrence 745) it took Jack a while to answer, although he knew that he did love her and Mabel knew he loved her. As Mittlemen said in her article, before the incident Jack had never indicated the he had any love for Mabel (4). In fact before the incident Mabel did not show her love for Jack, nor did she know she had any love for him. After he saved her neither of them could help but show their feelings for each other. The plot of the story helped them to revel their love for each other. They were meant to be together and one-way or another love was going to bring the both of them together. And aft er Mabel tried to kill herself they were together, just like they were destined to be. As the plot helps prove the theme, each character, Jack and Mabel, help as well. Each character, Jack and Mabel, help to prove the main theme the story has to show. Mabel is a part of the lower class of people, who has to buy the cheap groceries (Mittleman). While Jack is a successful doctor who is high class and is considered in the upper part of society. At the beginning of the story Mabel had no idea what she was going to do with her life, so she resulted to go with her mother, but Jack saved her from making that decision. Mabel and Jack are part of two totally different social standings. With that being that is the reason why neither of them thought they would ever fall in love. Starting off Mabel was stubborn and did not really show any liking towards Jack. They are two different people who had thought they had no feelings for one another. Jack shows his kindness towards Mabel. He accepts her for who she is and what she has to bring to the table. Jack knows that she is at the low part of society but he does not let that bother him. Once he realizes that he l oves Mabel, he will not let anything stand in the way of that. He say at the end of the story, Were going to be married, quickly, quickly-tomorrow if I can. (Lawrence 748) This shows that he has true feelings for her and Jack wants her to know that. Mabel, on the other hand, knows that he loves her and she loves him to but she starts to feel horrible. Mabel feels that she is not good enough for him and she does not understand why he loves her, Lawrence stated (748). Jack and Mabel over came the differences they had. They would not let anything stand in the way of their love. They love each other and they each prove that through their characters. Although all three points, symbolism of the pond, the plot, and each character, Jack and Mabel prove the theme, there can be an argument made that each of these literary elements do not help prove the theme of the story. The symbolism of the pond does not help prove the theme of the story because Jack is a doctor and he was doing his job of saving a life, but Jack had been watching her and he rushed to save her from making a mistake he did not want her to make. Also, people would argue that the plot does not show that love is a powerful thing because it does now show that they are brought together, it shows a doctor saving a life. But after the incident he tells her that he loves her and wants to be with her. Another argument can be made that the characters of Jack and Mabel do not show the theme because each of them are different in their own ways and have no true connection but despite their differences they came to love and care for each other. Although each point can be argued ag ainst, each literary element ties into the theme of the story. Jack and Mabels love is shown through the symbol of the pond, the plot of the story and each character themselves. The pond represented love; in a way that it made each of them realize that they really did love each other. The pond also symbolized a rebirth. After Jack saved Mabel she was more outspoken and was not shy anymore. Also after they came out of the water, so did their love. Jack and Mabel let their love for one another out. The plot of the story brought them together and made them realize that they had a deep love for each other. And each character proved that no matter how different two people are they could still fall in love. It is hard to find love when one is looking, but some people do not know that the person they are meant to love could be right in front of their eyes. Love comes to a person when they are not looking. And weather or not they think that certain someone is the one, love will prove them wrong. Love is an unstoppable thing that people have no control o ver.